Toolkit 7

Square of a difference

(ab)2=a22ab+b2(a-b)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2

Proof

Using the distributive law,

(ab)2=(ab)(ab)=a2abba+b2=a22ab+b2.\begin{aligned} (a-b)^2 &= (a-b)(a-b) \\ &= a^2 - ab - ba + b^2 \\ &= a^2 - 2ab + b^2. \quad\square \end{aligned}