Combinatorial Identities
Lesson · Intermediate
Combinatorics
By Pascal's Identity,

Therefore,
Adding these equations, all intermediate terms cancel:
Find
Find
Since , this gives the familiar identity
Using the symmetry identity ,
Suppose there are boys and girls, and we want to select people.
Directly, the number of ways to choose the people is
Now count the same selections according to the number of boys chosen.
Suppose there are objects of the first type, objects of the second type, and objects of the third type, and we want to select objects in total.
If we choose objects of the first type, objects of the second type, and objects of the third type, where , then the number of selections is
Summing over all triples satisfying counts every selection exactly once. Therefore,
Vandermonde's Identity requires the lower indices to have a constant sum.
A sum such as
does not immediately look like Vandermonde's Identity. First use symmetry:
Now the lower indices have the constant sum , so Vandermonde's Identity applies: