Freshman's Dream

Lesson · Advanced

Number Theory

Freshman's Dream

If p is prime, then

(a+b)p≡ap+bp(modp)(a+b)^p\equiv a^p+b^p\pmod p

More generally

(a1+a2+⋯+an)p≡a1p+a2p+⋯+anp(modp)(a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n)^p\equiv a_1^p+a_2^p+\cdots+a_n^p\pmod p

Repeated Freshman's Dream

For every positive integer k

(a+b)pk≡apk+bpk(modp)(a+b)^{p^k}\equiv a^{p^k}+b^{p^k}\pmod p